Deserts and steppes are characteristic of Central Asia. The mountain chains of the Tien-Shan have Lake Issyk-Kul at their heart, an oasis in the middle of this arid region. Lake Issyk-Kul (180 km long and 60 km wide, max. depth 668 m) is the second largest high mountain lake in the world. The lake is 1,600 m above sea level and is surrounded by mountain ranges with altitudes up to 7,439 m. A combination of extreme depth, thermal activity and mild salinity means the lake never freezes. Within a short car journey of the lakeshore you can see many different landscapes; semi-deserts, steppes, mountain meadows and forests, sub-alpine and alpine meadows, snowdrifts and glaciers. They are inhabited by many species, some of which are threatened by extinction, such as the snow leopard, the Marco Polo sheep and the Ibisbill being the best known.